Promoter: In molecular biology, promoter is a region of a DNA that initiates transcription of a gene.They are located near the transcription start site of the gene at upstream site.The basic element of a promoter is its presence in the upstream region at -10 to -35 element.And its approximate 17 bp long .At the -10 element the consensus sequence is TATAAT and at the -35 element the consensus sequence is TTGACA. The promoter works strongly if the promoter maintain this characterictics and form perfect protein. If any abnormality found in the promoter region then the final protein will be abnormal.
Fig: A typical bacterial promoter
Binding with RNAp (RNA polymerase): For taking place of transcription an enzyme RNA polymerase is needed. RNAp binds with promoter binding site of a gene and regulate gene expression. The promoter is recognized by RNAp and associate with the sigma factor of RNAPs. Sigma factor (σ) is a protein and its a bacterial transcription initiation factor that enables RNA polymerase.
Fig: Promoter binding with RNA polymerase
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